Anorectal Diseases
What are Anorectal Diseases?
Anorectal diseases are among the most common health problems in our country. The known source of these diseases is the intestines. The name of these diseases, which concern the anus and the last part of the large intestine, called the rectum, comes from here. We have discussed for you what these ailments, such as anal fissure, hemorrhoids and anal abscess, are.
What is anal fissure? The answer to this question among the public can be given as crack formation in the breech. So, what is hemorrhoids, which is one of the anarectal diseases, and what are its symptoms? They are enlarged veins located in the lower part of the anus. External hemorrhoids manifest as excessive swelling and enlargement of the blood vessels on the outside of the anus. How is the common hemorrhoid disease treated and what is its treatment? It is possible to definitively resolve the ailment with surgery.
One of the most frequently asked questions on the subject is “What is an anal abscess ?” is the question. It is possible to say that this ailment causes swelling and redness around the anus. What are perianal fistulas, another common disorder among anorectal diseases? It is a small channel that connects the glands where the abscess develops and the tissue where the abscess empties.
Common Anorectal Diseases
Some of the most common anorectal diseases include:
- hemorrhoidal disease
- Anal fissure (crack formation in the breech)
- anal fistula
- anal abscess
- Anorectal abscess
- Pilonidal sinus (ring hair)
It is known as malignant melanoma or melanoma arising from cutaneous skin. Bowen’s disease is the so-called “in situ” stage of SCC that contains atypical cells in the upper layers of the skin in patients aged 60 years and older. These diseases, which have different treatment methods and symptoms, require diagnosis and treatment by examining them with a long-term and careful understanding. These diseases; With another definition, the branch of science that deals with rectum and anus diseases is called protocolology. The specialties of protocolology are:
- Hemorrhoidal diseases caused by swelling of the hemorrhoidal vessels in the anal canals
- Abnormal tears and cracks in the anus (Anal fissures)
- Long-lasting and persistent constipation
- Pathological passage from the anal canal into the tissues around the anus
- Incontinence and involuntary stool incontinence due to deficiencies in the anal sphincter
- Congenital closure of the anus
- Rectum and colon cancer
- Rare anal cancer.
- Traumas (occurring after any damage to the anal).
In benign diseases; symptoms such as bleeding, pain, itching and infection may occur. When anal fissure symptoms and anal abscess symptoms (bleeding, pain, itching, gas or ablution in the breech region) are seen, it is very important to consult a specialist doctor without delay. These and similar complaints invite the proliferation of anorectal diseases and developing bowel cancer. It should not be forgotten that early diagnosis and treatment have a life-saving role in bowel cancers, just like in other known cancer types.
How Is Anorectal Diseases Treated?
Treatment of anorectal diseases depends on the following factors:
- The severity of the ailment.
- General condition of the patient and medical history.
- Treatments applied by the doctors to whom the patient applied before, and treatment methods with anal fissure cream or similar creams.
- Determination of expectations for the course of the disease.
For early stage perianal fistulas, symptoms can be expected to disappear with medication , but most people with anorectal disease will require surgery to resolve the problem. The type and number of surgeries to be performed vary according to the shape of the patient’s anomaly.
What are perianal fistulas? What is pilonidal sinus ? These two disorders are often confused with each other. The enlargement of rectal abscesses and breech hair growth are the names of these ailments among the people. Common ailments:
- Stenosis of the breech : This situation may not require surgery at the first level, but it is possible to bring the person’s defecation to a comfortable level with regular enlargement of the anal canal.
- Joining the rectum with a part of the reproductive system or urinary tract and opening that part (fistula) : This requires a series of surgery so that the anal regions of the people can be repaired.
- Inability of the rectum to connect with the anus (breech) : The rectum, which ends blindly, should be combined with anal canal surgery and defecation should be ensured.
What are benign anorectal diseases? Benign anorectal diseases that can be diagnosed and treated are:
- Hemorrhoids (hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids),
- constipation (constipation),
- Perianal fistulas ,
- Anal pruritus (anal itching),
- Stool – gas incontinence,
- Rectocele (intestinal hernia),
- Pilonidal diseases (ring hair),
- Anus and breech warts,
- Pelvic pains and dysfunctions,
- Colorectal benign tumors,
- Stoma problems (prolapse, hernia, stenosis-contraction, bleeding),
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD-Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis),
- Retrorectal (presacral) masses.
Are Anorectal Diseases Risky?
In anorectal diseases, all methods other than conservative treatments lead to various complications. These complications and the degree of hemorrhoids are in parallel with the invasiveness of the applied methods. The most important complications before anal fissure treatment and anal abscess treatment are; bleeding, pain, urinary retention, infection and defecation problems. In the following periods, these problems may go up to anal fissure, anal stenosis, incontinence and recurrences.
Complications of anorectal diseases are very rare. So, how does anal fissure go ? In untreated conditions, these diseases, which negatively affect social life, can also lead to anemia, although rare. Blood loss resulting from chronic anorectal diseases paves the way for anemia. It can be cured with surgery and medication.
There are degrees of these diseases. In the first degree, symptoms such as pain and bleeding are seen in defecation. Anorectal diseases are manifested by colonoscopy. In the second degree, bigger problems occur during defecation. E.g; If this discomfort is caused by hemorrhoids, the breasts move in and out and the disease can be treated with hemorrhoid cream. Discomforts such as hemorrhoidal bleeding, itching and pain still continue. In the third degree, these complaints increase and the breasts can only be pushed in by hand, and they may not go in even when pushed by hand.
In fourth-degree hemorrhoids, the breasts are now completely out and visible. There are sagging and vascular balls outside the breech. In the first degree of the disease, correction of bowel movements, drug treatments, cessation of eating spicy foods and relief of constipation are sufficient for treatment. Second-degree treatments such as radiation, drugs, and rubber banding can be applied. In some cases, anal fissure surgery, hemorrhoid surgery, perianal fistula surgery and pilonidal sinus surgery may be required in some cases, but fourth-degree surgery is essential. Visible breasts are completely removed with surgery. Recovery after surgery for perianal fistulas can range from three to five weeks. During the healing process of pilonidal sinus, there may be itching and bloody discharge in the area. Bathing after pilonidal sinus surgery can only be done after the wound is closed. First of all, it should be waited for 3 days for the wound to close.
Who Gets Anorectal Diseases?
The incidence of anorectal diseases in the community is 4.4 percent. These disorders, which usually appear between the ages of 45 and 65, are 1.3 times more common in men than in women. Although chronic constipation is seen as the main cause of these diseases, it is more possible to say that the symptoms of the disease increase.
Pregnancy, portal hypertension, anal spasm, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic mass, congestive heart failure, family history and genetic factors are among the factors that cause anorectal diseases. Click here to get information about other diseases and treatment methods !
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